Human beings have been moving around on skis since pre-historic times, combining this with hunting animals for food. Nordic skiing, otherwise known as cross country skiing originated in Scandinavia and is still a common means of transportation in Finland, Sweden and Norway. It is an increasingly popular leisure pursuit and there are numerous competitions for the serious sports skier.
There are different techniques used in the sport and many different events, such as sprint, relay and pursuit. Races take place over various distances, including long distance cross country skiing known as Ski Marathons. The longest distance of these events, at 160 km, is the Canadian Ski Marathon. There are international competitions and a World Cup.
The sport has been included in the Winter Olympics since 1924 for men and since 1952 for women. The Biathlon, a combination of Nordic skiing and rifle shooting, has featured in the Olympics since 1960. Norway leads the table of most medals that have been won in the Nordic category. Armies such as the Finnish Army train their soldiers to ski and many champions in the sport belong to the military.
This type of skiing, even more so than downhill skiing, requires a good level of fitness and stamina. Most recreational skiers follow trails, sometimes traveling further afield and camping out. Some more experienced skiers ski off piste in what is referred to as backcountry skiing. In addition to helping to keep fit, cross country skiing is a terrific way of seeing spectacular scenery that would not be accessible in any other way.
Nordic skiing is a fun activity for all the family. Children can ski from a very young age or parents can tow them on sleds. Resorts will give information on trails that are suitable for young people or beginners. It's also advisable for anyone not in tip top condition, to seek advice on how to build up muscle and endurance before embarking on cross country skiing vacations.
The correct clothing and equipment is vital for an enjoyable vacation. Skis must be properly waxed and maintained. Choosing appropriate clothing is also essential. Obviously, temperatures can get pretty cold but exercise can make skiers too warm. The clothes need to be warm and waterproof but allow for breathability and not restrict motion. Gloves, which can be bought specifically for the sport and hats, are essential. The head and hands lose a lot of heat from the body and must be protected.
